⚛️ Mass Converter

Mass is an intrinsic property of matter that measures the amount of substance in an object, remaining constant regardless of location. Weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass and varies with gravitational field strength. In scientific contexts, kilograms measure mass, while newtons measure weight. Our converter works with mass measurements for precision scientific calculations.

To convert atomic mass units (u) to kilograms, multiply by 1.66054 × 10⁻²⁷. The formula is: kg = u × 1.66054 × 10⁻²⁷. For example, 12 u (carbon-12) = 12 × 1.66054 × 10⁻²⁷ = 1.99265 × 10⁻²⁶ kg. This conversion is fundamental in nuclear physics and chemistry calculations.

A solar mass (M☉) equals 1.98847 × 10³⁰ kg, representing the mass of our Sun. It's the standard unit for measuring stellar masses in astronomy. For example, a typical red giant might be 2-3 solar masses, while massive stars can exceed 50 solar masses. This unit simplifies calculations when dealing with the enormous masses found in space.

Our molecular mass calculator uses atomic masses from the periodic table to compute compound masses. Enter each element symbol (like H, C, O) with its count, and the calculator multiplies each element's atomic mass by its quantity, then sums all contributions. For example, H₂O = (2 × 1.008) + (1 × 15.999) = 18.015 g/mol.

The Planck mass (mₚ) equals 2.176 × 10⁻⁸ kg and represents a fundamental scale in physics where quantum gravity effects become significant. It's derived from fundamental constants: the speed of light, Planck's constant, and gravitational constant. Though tiny by everyday standards, it's actually quite large on the quantum scale, representing the mass at which a particle's Compton wavelength equals its Schwarzschild radius.

Our conversion factors are based on the most recent internationally accepted values from NIST and CODATA. We maintain up to 15 decimal places internally for maximum precision. The atomic mass unit is defined as exactly 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12, and all fundamental particle masses use the latest experimental values. This precision makes our calculator suitable for professional scientific research and education.

Yes, our converter is designed for nuclear physics applications. It includes precise values for electron, proton, and neutron masses, as well as atomic mass units with the accuracy needed for nuclear binding energy calculations, decay processes, and mass-energy equivalence studies. The precision control allows you to match the significant figures appropriate for your specific calculations.

Atomic mass units (u) and daltons (Da) are exactly the same unit with identical values - they're just different names used in different contexts. The unified atomic mass unit (u) is preferred in physics, while the dalton (Da) is commonly used in chemistry and biochemistry, especially for molecular masses of proteins and large molecules. Both equal 1.66054 × 10⁻²⁷ kg.

Our converter includes precise masses for fundamental particles: electron (9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg), proton (1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg), and neutron (1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg). For composite particles, add constituent masses and account for binding energy. The scientific units tab provides quick access to these fundamental values with the precision needed for particle physics calculations.

Different scientific contexts require different number formats. Decimal format is best for everyday calculations, scientific notation (1.23 × 10⁶) is standard in research papers and handles very large or small numbers efficiently, while engineering notation uses powers of 10 in multiples of 3 for practical applications. This flexibility ensures the results are presented in the most appropriate format for your specific use case.